{"product_id":"par-5400-continuous-flow-tubular-reactors","title":"PAR-5400 Continuous Flow Tubular Reactors","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTubular reactors are always used in a continuous flow mode with reagents flowing in and products being removed. They can be the simplest of all reactor designs. Tubular reactors are often referred to by other names:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePipe reactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePacked-bed reactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrickle-bed reactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBubble-column reactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEbulating-bed reactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle-phase flow in a tubular reactor can be upward or downward. Two-phase flow can be co-current up-flow, counter-current (liquid down, gas up) or, most commonly, co-current down-flow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTubular reactors can have a single wall and be heated with an external furnace or they can be jacketed for heating or cooling with a circulating heat transfer fluid. External furnaces can be rigid, split-tube heaters or be flexible mantle heaters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTubular reactors are used in a variety of industries:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePetroleum\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePetrochemical\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePharmaceutical\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWaste Treatment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecialty chemical\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTubular reactors are used in a variety of applications:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarbonylation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDehydrogenation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHydrogenation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHydrocracking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHydroformulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOxidative decomposition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePartial oxidation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymerization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReforming\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTubular reactors may be empty for homogenous reactions or packed with catalyst particles for heterogeneous reactions.  Packed reactors require upper and lower supports to hold particles in place. Uppermost packing is often of inert material to serve as a pre-heat section. Pre-heating can also be done with an internal spiral channel to keep incoming reagents close to the heated wall during entry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is often desirable to size a tubular reactor to be large enough to fit 8 to 10 catalyst particles across the diameter and be at least 40-50 particle diameters long. The length to diameter ratio can be varied to study the effect of catalyst loading by equipping the reactor with spools to change this ratio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTemperature is typically controlled by thermocouples located on the outer wall of an externally heated tubular reactor. A moveable internal thermocouple is often employed to observe the temperature changes occurring as the reaction proceeds through the reactor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 595px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#99ccff\" width=\"595\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSeries 5400 Continuous Flow Tubular Reactors\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#cccccc\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#cccccc\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e5401\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#cccccc\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e5402\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#cccccc\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e5403\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#cccccc\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e5404\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e3\/8 in\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1\/2 in\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1 in\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1.5 in\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOD\/ID (in)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e0.38\/0.28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e0.50\/0.37\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1.9\/1.0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e2.0\/1.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOD\/ID (mm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e9.5\/7.0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e13\/9.4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e48\/25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e51\/38\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeated Length (in)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e6, 12, 24\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e6, 12, 24\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e12, 24, 36\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e12, 24, 36\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMax. Tubular Reactor Pressure (psi)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e3000\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e3000\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e5000\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e3000\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMax. Temperature (C)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e550\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e550\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e550\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e350\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupport Spools\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eNo\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eNo\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpiral Pre-Heat\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eNo\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eNo\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e# Ports in Top Head\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e# Ports in Bottom Head\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"206\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInternal Thermocouple\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eYes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e   \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTubular reactor systems are highly customizable and can be made to various lengths and diameters and engineered for various pressures and temperatures not specified above.   We provide a split-tube furnace for heating these vessels. Insulation is provided at each end so that the end caps are not heated to the same temperature as the core of the reactor. The heater length is normally divided into two or three separate heating zones, although it can be split into as many zones as required.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe can furnish either a fixed internal thermocouple in each zone or a single movable thermocouple that can be used to measure the temperature at points along the catalyst bed. External thermocouples are typically provided for control of each zone of the heater. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"style5\"\u003eGas Feed Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarious gas feeds can be set up and operated from a \u003cstrong\u003eGas Distribution Panel\u003c\/strong\u003e. In order to deliver a constant flow of gas to a reactor, it is necessary to provide gas at a constant pressure to an electronic\u003cstrong\u003e Mass Flow Controller\u003c\/strong\u003e. This instrument will compare the actual flow rate delivered to the set point chosen by the user, and automatically adjust an integral control valve to assure a constant flow. Care must be taken to size these controllers for the specific gas, the flow rate, and the pressure of operation. A mass flow controller needs a power supply and read-out device, as well as a means of introducing the desired set point.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen ordering mass flow controllers, you will need to specify:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Type of gas to be metered (e.g. N2, H2, CH4)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Maximum operating pressure of the gas (100 or 300 bar) 3. Maximum flow rate range in standard ccs per minute (sccm) 4. Pressure for calibration of the instrument\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMass flow controllers are available for use to 1500 psi and to 4500 psi. Considerable savings can be obtained if the mass flow controller is to be used only to 1500 psi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe schematic below depicts the installation of a mass flow controller for the introduction of gas to a continuous-flow reaction system. Such installations can be enhanced with the addition of a by-pass valve for rapid filling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA purge line can also be added. It is typically used for feeding nitrogen or helium to remove air before reaction or to remove reactive gases before opening the reactor at the end of a run. The purge line includes a shut-off valve, metering valve, and a reverse-flow check valve.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"left\"\u003eShut-off valves can be automated when using a 4871 Control system.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"left\"\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"style5\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiquid Metering Pumps\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"style5\" align=\"left\"\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"style5\" align=\"left\"\u003eHigh pressure piston pumps are most often used to inject liquids into a pressurized reactor operating in a continuous-flow mode. For low flow rates, HPLC pumps, many of which are rated for 5000 psig, are excellent choices. Typical flow rates for pumps of this type range up to 10 or 40 mL per minute. Pumps are available to accommodate manual control from their digital faceplate or computer-controlled from a 4871 Process Controller.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChemical feed pumps are our recommendation for continuous feeding of liquids when the desired flow rate is greater than 2 liter per hour. Here we will try to help you find a suitable pump. We will need to know the type of liquid; the minimum, typical, and maximum desired feed rate; the maximum operating pressure; and any special operating considerations such as explosion proof operation or corrosion possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"style5\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBack Pressure Regulators\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to supplying gases to a reaction through electronic mass flow controllers, the reactor is kept at a constant pressure by installing a \u003cstrong\u003eBack Pressure Regulator\u003c\/strong\u003e (BPR) downstream of the reactor. This style of regulator will release products only when the reactor pressure exceeds a preset value.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a BPR is used in conjunction with mass flow controllers, the user is assured that a constant flow of gas is passing through a reactor, which is being held at a constant pressure. This provides for the highest degree of control and reproducibility in a continuous-flow reactor system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"style5\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCooling Condensers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is often desired to cool the products of the reaction prior to handling them. For this purpose, tube-and-shell heat exchangers are available to act as the cooling condensers. An adaptation of our standard condensers provides an excellent design. Descriptions and available sizes are found in the 4500 Catalog, \u003cem\u003eStirred Reactors and Pressure Vessels\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"style5\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGas\/Liquid Separators\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTubular reactors operating in continuous-flow mode with both gas and liquid products will also require a \u003cstrong\u003eGas\/Liquid Separator\u003c\/strong\u003e for smooth operation. The separator is placed downstream of the reactor, often separated from the reactor by a cooling condenser. In the separator vessel, liquids are condensed and collected in the bottom of the vessel. Gases and non-condensed vapors are allowed to leave the top of the vessel and pass on to the back pressure regulator. It is important to operate the BPR with a single fluid phase to prevent oscillation of the reactor pressure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe gas\/liquid separator can be sized large enough to act as a liquid product receiver that can be manually drained periodically. Many of the non-stirred pressure vessels listed in our 4500 catalog are ideally suited for use as gas\/liquid separators. Vessels of 300, 600, 1000, or 2000 mL are commonly chosen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"style5\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl and Data Acquisition Systems\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA variety of solutions exist to meet the needs of system operators. System accessories such as heaters, mass flow controllers, and pumps can be obtained with individual control packages to create a manual, distributed control system. Each of the various controllers that are equipped with an output signal can be incorporated into a PC-based data acquisition system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"style5\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSeries 5400 Ordering Guide\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"style5\"\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eA composite identification number to be used when ordering a 5400 Series Tubular Reactor System can be developed by combining individual symbols from the separate sections.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eExample:  A 1\/2-inch by 24-inch length tubular reactor, cart mounting, T-316 Stainless Steel, 115V, three zone split tube heater, 3000 psi gage, programmable temperature control, two gas feeds, one purge line, one liquid metering pump, gas\/liquid separator (1000 mL)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e5402C-SS-115-ST3(24)-3000-DCS-GF2-LF1-ITW-GLS1000\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 554px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#cccccc\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eA. Model Number\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#cccccc\" width=\"456\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eSize\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5401\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e3\/8 in\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5402\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e1\/2 in\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5403\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e1 in\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5404\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e1.5 in\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eAdd suffix F for Floor Stand mounting\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eAdd suffix B for Bench-top mounting\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eAdd suffix C for Cart mounting\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eB. Material of Construction\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-SS\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eT316 Stainless Steel\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-HC\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eAlloy 276\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-TI\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eTitanium\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eAlloy 600\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-MO\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eAlloy 400\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eC. Electrical Supply\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e -115\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e 115 Volt, 50\/60Hz\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e -230\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e 230 Volt, 50\/60Hz\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eD. Heater Options\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-ST1(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSplit Tube, 1-zone\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-ST3(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSplit Tube, 3-zone\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-FM(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFlexible Mantle\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-WJ(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWelded Jacket\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003eAdd suffix (6), (12), (24), (30), (36) for heated length (in.)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eE. Maximum System Pressure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-1500\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1500 psi \/ 100 bar\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-3000\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3000 psi \/ 200 bar\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-4500\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e4500 psi \/ 300 bar\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eF. Control\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-PCC\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePC-based Process Control (4871-style)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-DCS\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTable-top Chasses (4838-style)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 554px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eG. Custom Options\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-GF(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumber of gas feeds\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-PL\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePurge gas feed line\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-LF(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumber of liquid feeds\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-ISP\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eInternal pre-heat spiral (5403\/5404 only)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-CSS\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCatalyst support spools (5403\/5404 only)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-ITW\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eInternal thermowell, with T\/C\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-CHX\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCooling heat exchanger\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-GLS(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGas\/Liquid Separator, Volume (300, 600, 1000, 2000 mL)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-SPH\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSeparator heater\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-TR(#)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumber of gas tank regulators\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-AP*\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAutomated pressure control*\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-ASV*\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAutomated shut-off valves*\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e*Available only with 4871 Process Control (PCC)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eH. Certifications\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-No symbol\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"434\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNo certification required\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-PARR\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eParr Certification\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-ASME\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eASME certification\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-CE\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eEuropean CE\/PED Certification\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Parr Instrument Company","offers":[{"title":"EA (1)","offer_id":51111603437883,"sku":"PAR-5400-EA","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/2041\/6571\/files\/PAR-5400_ecb88e49-7219-4fa9-8028-b5a04bceb40a.png?v=1784720221","url":"https:\/\/preiser.com\/products\/par-5400-continuous-flow-tubular-reactors","provider":"Preiser Scientific","version":"1.0","type":"link"}